Biodata
Full name : Abu `Abdillah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal al-Shaybani
Born : 164 AH, Baghdad, Iraq or Merv, Khorasan (now Turkmenistan)
Pursuit of knowledge
Ahmad moved to Iraq and study extensively in Baghdad, and later used his travels to further his education. He was chiefly interested in acquiring knowledge of the hadith and travelled extensively through Iraq, Syria, and Arabia studying religion and collecting traditions of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. His travels lasted several years. Upon returning home, he studied under Imam Shafi on Islamic law. This and the fact that he was a scholar of hadith, were responsible for his deep devotion to the textual views on Islam, and his opposition to innovation of any kind. Imam Shafi, who was a scholarly giant in his own right, stated:
"I left Baghdad, and I did not leave behind me a man better, having more knowledge, or greater fiqh (understanding), nor having greater taqwa (piety) than Ahmad Ibn Hanbal."
Ibn Hanbal spent 40 years of his life in the pursuit of knowledge, and only thereafter did he assume the position of a mufti. By this time, he had mastered six or seven Islamic disciplines, according to al-Shafi'i. He became a leading authority in hadith and left a colossal hadith encyclopaedia, al-Musnad, as a living proof of his proficiency and devotion to this science. He is also remembered as a leading and the most balanced critic of hadith his time. He established himself as the Imam in the sciences of Quran, authoring works in exegesis (Tafsir), science of abrogation (al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh), as well as the different modes recitations (Qira’at), preferring some modes of recitation over others, and even expressing dislike for the recitation of Hamza due to its exaggerated elongation of vowels. Ibn Hanbal became a principal specialist in jurisprudence, since he had the advantage of benefiting from some of the famous early jurists and their heritage, such as Abu Hanifah, Malik ibn Anas, al-Shafi'i, and many others. His learning, piety and unswerving faithfulness to traditions gathered a host of disciples and admirers around him. He further improvised and developed upon previous schools, becoming the founder of a new independent school of jurisprudence, known as the Hanbali school. Some scholars, such as Qutaiba b. Sa’id, noted that if Ibn Hanbal had witnessed the age of Sufyan al-Thawri, Malik, al-Awza’i and Laith b. Sa’d, he would have surpassed them all. Despite being bilingual, he became an expert in the Arabic language, poetry, and grammar.
Death
After Imam Ahmad turned 77, he was struck with severe illness and fever, and became very weak, yet never complaining about his infirmity and pain until he died. In spite of his debilitation, he would urge his son, Salih b. Ahmad, to help him stand up for prayer. When he was unable to stand, he would pray sitting, or sometimes lying on his side. After hearing of his illness, the masses flocked to his door. The ruling family also showed the desire to pay him a visit, and to this end sought his permission. However, due to his desire to remain independent of any influence from the authority, Ahmad denied them access. On Friday, the 12 of Rabi' al-Awwal 241 AH, the legendary Imam breathed his last. The news of his death quickly spread far and wide in the city and the people flooded the streets to attend Ahmad’s funeral. When he died, he was accompanied to his resting place by a funeral procession of eight hundred thousand men (800,000) to One million and three hundred thousands men (1,300,000) or arround two million people (2,000,000) as was estimated by few scholars attending the funeral sixty thousand women (60,000), marking the departure of the last of the four great mujtahid Imams of Islam.
The Mihna
Ibn Hanbal was famously called before the Inquisition of the Abassid Caliph al-Ma'mun - known as the mihna. Al-Ma'mun wanted to assert the religious authority of the Caliph by forcing the top scholars of the time to admit that the Qur'an was created rather than uncreated. Ahmad ibn Hanbal was one of the few scholars to refuse to back down to the Caliph, setting the train in motion for the increasing power of the ulama in deciding questions of law and theology.
Works
The following books are found in Ibn al-Nadim's Fihrist:
* Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma‘rifat al-Rijal: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)" Riyad: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah
* Kitab al-Manasik: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj"
* Kitab al-Zuhd: "The Book of Abstinence" ed. Muhammad Zaghlul, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1994
* Kitab al-Iman: "The Book of Faith"
* Kitab al-Masa'il "Issues in Fiqh"
* Kitab al-Ashribah: "The Book of Drinks"
* Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba: "Virtues of the Companions"
* Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul : "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger"
* Kitab Mansukh: "The Book of Abrogation"
* Kitab al-Fara'id: "The Book of Obligatory Duties"
* Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites" (Cairo: 1973)
* Tafsir : "Exegesis"
* the Musnad
credit of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal
Full name : Abu `Abdillah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal al-Shaybani
Born : 164 AH, Baghdad, Iraq or Merv, Khorasan (now Turkmenistan)
Died : 241 AH, Baghdad, Iraq
Era : Islamic golden age
Era : Islamic golden age
Region : Muslim scholar
School : Sunni Hanbali
Main interests : Fiqh, Hadith, and Aqeedah
Influenced by : Imam Shafi'i
Influenced : al-Barbahaaree, Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, ibn Qudamah, ibn Aqil, ibn al-Jawzi, ibn Taymiyya, ibn al-Qayyim, ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani
School : Sunni Hanbali
Main interests : Fiqh, Hadith, and Aqeedah
Influenced by : Imam Shafi'i
Influenced : al-Barbahaaree, Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, ibn Qudamah, ibn Aqil, ibn al-Jawzi, ibn Taymiyya, ibn al-Qayyim, ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani
Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal Abu `Abd Allah al-Shaybani (Arabic: احمد بن محمد بن حنبل ابو عبد الله الشيباني) was an important Muslim scholar and theologian. He is considered the founder of the Hanbali school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Imam Ahmad is one of the most celebrated Sunni theologians, often referred to as the "Sheikh ul-Islam" or the "Imam of Ahl al-Sunnah," the leading authority on the Orthodox doctrine. Imam Ahmad personified the theological views of the early orthodox scholars, and in particular, the founders of the three juristic schools before him, Hanafi, Maliki and al-Shafi’i. This proved to be historically significant, since the Hanbali doctrine remained the only school representing the views of the founders of the other three juristic schools, that later became dominated by Asharites or the Maturidis.
Biography
Early life and family
Legal writings, produced October 879.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal was born at Merv, in Khorassan, of the city in which his parents were natives, in 780 or in Baghdad, in Iraq. His family were of Arab or Persian background. Ahmad's father was a soldier from Merv who died when Ahmad was a youth.
Ahmad had two wives and according to Imam Ahmad, and his older son later became a judge in Isfahan. Ahmad a very close relationship with his sons, particularly his older son, Salih. It was said that Ahmad would recite the Quranic chapter Al-Kahf often, and he would recite the chapter over a bowl of water and direct his son to drink from it whenever his son felt ill.
Biography
Early life and family
Legal writings, produced October 879.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal was born at Merv, in Khorassan, of the city in which his parents were natives, in 780 or in Baghdad, in Iraq. His family were of Arab or Persian background. Ahmad's father was a soldier from Merv who died when Ahmad was a youth.
Ahmad had two wives and according to Imam Ahmad, and his older son later became a judge in Isfahan. Ahmad a very close relationship with his sons, particularly his older son, Salih. It was said that Ahmad would recite the Quranic chapter Al-Kahf often, and he would recite the chapter over a bowl of water and direct his son to drink from it whenever his son felt ill.
Pursuit of knowledge
Ahmad moved to Iraq and study extensively in Baghdad, and later used his travels to further his education. He was chiefly interested in acquiring knowledge of the hadith and travelled extensively through Iraq, Syria, and Arabia studying religion and collecting traditions of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. His travels lasted several years. Upon returning home, he studied under Imam Shafi on Islamic law. This and the fact that he was a scholar of hadith, were responsible for his deep devotion to the textual views on Islam, and his opposition to innovation of any kind. Imam Shafi, who was a scholarly giant in his own right, stated:
"I left Baghdad, and I did not leave behind me a man better, having more knowledge, or greater fiqh (understanding), nor having greater taqwa (piety) than Ahmad Ibn Hanbal."
Ibn Hanbal spent 40 years of his life in the pursuit of knowledge, and only thereafter did he assume the position of a mufti. By this time, he had mastered six or seven Islamic disciplines, according to al-Shafi'i. He became a leading authority in hadith and left a colossal hadith encyclopaedia, al-Musnad, as a living proof of his proficiency and devotion to this science. He is also remembered as a leading and the most balanced critic of hadith his time. He established himself as the Imam in the sciences of Quran, authoring works in exegesis (Tafsir), science of abrogation (al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh), as well as the different modes recitations (Qira’at), preferring some modes of recitation over others, and even expressing dislike for the recitation of Hamza due to its exaggerated elongation of vowels. Ibn Hanbal became a principal specialist in jurisprudence, since he had the advantage of benefiting from some of the famous early jurists and their heritage, such as Abu Hanifah, Malik ibn Anas, al-Shafi'i, and many others. His learning, piety and unswerving faithfulness to traditions gathered a host of disciples and admirers around him. He further improvised and developed upon previous schools, becoming the founder of a new independent school of jurisprudence, known as the Hanbali school. Some scholars, such as Qutaiba b. Sa’id, noted that if Ibn Hanbal had witnessed the age of Sufyan al-Thawri, Malik, al-Awza’i and Laith b. Sa’d, he would have surpassed them all. Despite being bilingual, he became an expert in the Arabic language, poetry, and grammar.
Death
After Imam Ahmad turned 77, he was struck with severe illness and fever, and became very weak, yet never complaining about his infirmity and pain until he died. In spite of his debilitation, he would urge his son, Salih b. Ahmad, to help him stand up for prayer. When he was unable to stand, he would pray sitting, or sometimes lying on his side. After hearing of his illness, the masses flocked to his door. The ruling family also showed the desire to pay him a visit, and to this end sought his permission. However, due to his desire to remain independent of any influence from the authority, Ahmad denied them access. On Friday, the 12 of Rabi' al-Awwal 241 AH, the legendary Imam breathed his last. The news of his death quickly spread far and wide in the city and the people flooded the streets to attend Ahmad’s funeral. When he died, he was accompanied to his resting place by a funeral procession of eight hundred thousand men (800,000) to One million and three hundred thousands men (1,300,000) or arround two million people (2,000,000) as was estimated by few scholars attending the funeral sixty thousand women (60,000), marking the departure of the last of the four great mujtahid Imams of Islam.
The Mihna
Ibn Hanbal was famously called before the Inquisition of the Abassid Caliph al-Ma'mun - known as the mihna. Al-Ma'mun wanted to assert the religious authority of the Caliph by forcing the top scholars of the time to admit that the Qur'an was created rather than uncreated. Ahmad ibn Hanbal was one of the few scholars to refuse to back down to the Caliph, setting the train in motion for the increasing power of the ulama in deciding questions of law and theology.
Works
The following books are found in Ibn al-Nadim's Fihrist:
* Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma‘rifat al-Rijal: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)" Riyad: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah
* Kitab al-Manasik: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj"
* Kitab al-Zuhd: "The Book of Abstinence" ed. Muhammad Zaghlul, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1994
* Kitab al-Iman: "The Book of Faith"
* Kitab al-Masa'il "Issues in Fiqh"
* Kitab al-Ashribah: "The Book of Drinks"
* Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba: "Virtues of the Companions"
* Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul : "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger"
* Kitab Mansukh: "The Book of Abrogation"
* Kitab al-Fara'id: "The Book of Obligatory Duties"
* Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites" (Cairo: 1973)
* Tafsir : "Exegesis"
* the Musnad
credit of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal
Komentar
Posting Komentar